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Индоевропейские корни на *i\*y (Уоткинс)

Источник: Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage® Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2000.

Всего на *i- \ *y- представлено 12 (1 + 11) корней из словаря Кальверта Уоткинса (Калверта Воткинса).

Индоевропейские корни Уоткинса (*i)

*i-

Pronominal stem. Derivatives include yonder, identity, and item.

1. ilk1, from Old English ilca, same, from Germanic *is-lk- (*lk-, like; see lk-).

2. yon, from Old English geon, that, from Germanic *jaino-,*jeno-.

3a. yond, yonder, from Old English geond, as far as, yonder, from Germanic *jend-; b. beyond, from Old English geondan, beyond, from Germanic *jendana-.

4. Extended forms *ym, *yi. yea, yes, from Old English ga, affirmative particle, and gse, yes (see es-), from Germanic *j, *jai.

5. yet, from Old English get, geta still (preform uncertain).

6. Relative stem *yo- plus particle. if, from Old English gif, if, from Germanic *ja-ba.

7. Basic form *i-, with neuter *id-em. id, idem, identical, identity; identify, from Latin is, he (neuter id, it), and dem, same.

8. Suffixed form *i-tero-. iterate; reiterate, from Latin iterum, again.

9. Suffixed and extended form *it()-em. item, from Latin item, thus, also.

10. Stem *i- plus locatival particle *-dha-i. ibidem, from Latin ibdem, in the same place.

11. Suffixed variant form *e-tero- in compound *ke-e-tero- (see ko-).

(Pokorny 3. e- 281.)

Индоевропейские корни Уоткинса (*y)

*y-

To throw, impel. Contracted from *ye1-.

1. Extended zero-grade forms *yak-yo- and *yak-- (stative). gist, gite, jactitation, jess, jet2, jeté, jetsam, jettison, jetty1, joist, jut; abject, adjacent, adjective, amice, circumjacent, conjecture, deject, ejaculate, eject, inject, interject, object, parget, project, reject, subjacent, subject, superjacent, traject, from Latin iacere, to throw, lay, and iacre, to lie down (< “to be thrown”) and iaculum, dart.

2. Basic form *y- and zero-grade form *y-. catheter, diesis, enema, paresis, synesis, from Greek henai, to send, throw.

(Pokorny - 502.)

*yeg-

Ice. icicle, from Old English gicel, icicle, ice, from Germanic *jakilaz, *jekilaz.

(Pokorny eg- 503.)

*yek-

To speak. Suffixed o-grade form *yok-o-.jewel, jocose, jocular, joke, juggle, juggler; jeopardy, from Latin iocus, joke.

(Pokorny ek- 503.)

*ykw

Liver.

1. hepatic, hepato-; heparin, hepatitis, from Greek hpar, liver (stem hpat- < *ykw-t- < Indo-European oblique stem *ykwn-).

2. gizzard, from Persian jigar, liver.

(Pokorny ek-(t-)504.)

*yr-

Year, season. Contracted from *ye1r-.

1. Suffixed basic form *yr-o-. a. year, from Old English gar, year; b. Yahrzeit, from Old High German jr, year. Both a and b from Germanic *jram, year.

2. Suffixed o-grade form *yr--. horary, hour; horologe, horology, horoscope, from Greek hr, season.

(In Pokorny 1. ei- 293.)

*yes-

To boil, foam, bubble.

1. yeast, from Old English gist, yeast, from Germanic *jest-.2. kieselguhr, from Old High German jësan, to ferment, and jerian, to cause to ferment, from Germanic *jes-.

3. eczema, zeolite, from Greek zeein, zein, to boil.

(Pokorny es- 506.)

*yeu-

Vital force, youthful vigor. Oldest form *2yeu-; variant of aiw-. Suffixed zero-grade form *yuwen- (< *yu-en-), “possessing youthful vigor,” young.

1. Further suffixed form *yuw-ti-. youth, from Old English geoguth, youth, from Germanic *jugunthi-,*jugunth.

2. Further suffixed form *yuw-ko-.a. (i) young, from Old English geong, young; (ii) junker, from Old High German junc, young; (iii) younker, from Middle Dutch jonc, young. (i)–(iii) all from Germanic *jungaz, from *juwungaz; b. gallowglass, from Old Irish óac, from Celtic *yowanko-.

3.junior, June, Juno, juvenile; rejuvenate, from Latin iuvenis, young.

(Pokorny 3. eu- 510.)

*yeug-

To join. Derivatives include yoke, jugular, adjust, junta, and yoga.

(I) Zero-grade form *yug-.

1. Suffixed form *yug-o-. a. yoke, from Old English geoc, yoke, from Germanic *yukam;b. jugate, jugular, jugum; conjugate, subjugate, from Latin iugum, yoke; c. zygo- zygoma, zygote, –zygous; azygous, syzygy, from Greek zugon, yoke, and zugoun, to join; d. Yuga, from Sanskrit yugam, yoke.

2. Suffixed (superlative) form *yug-isto-. jostle, joust; adjust, juxtapose, juxtaposition, from Latin ixt, close by, perhaps from *iugist (vi), “on a nearby (road).” 3. Nasalized zero-grade form *yu-n-g-.join, joinder, joint, jointure, junction, juncture, junta; adjoin, conjoin, conjugal, conjunct, enjoin, injunction, rejoin, rejoinder, subjoin, from Latin iungere, to join.

(II) Suffixed form *yeug-m. zeugma, from Greek zeugma, a bond.

(III) Suffixed o-grade form *youg-o-. yoga, from Sanskrit yoga, union.

(Pokorny 2. eu- 508.)

*yewes-

Law.

1. jural, jurist, jury1; abjure, adjure, conjure, injury, juridical, jurisconsult, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, nonjuror, objurgate, perjure, from Latin is (stem ir-), law, and its derivative irre, “to pronounce a ritual formula,” swear.

2. Compound form *yewes-dik- (see deik-).

3. Suffixed from *yewes-to-. just1, from Latin istus, just.

(Pokorny eos- 512.)

*yewo-

A grain, probably barley. Suffixed form *yew-ya. zein, from Greek zeia, one-seeded wheat.

(Pokorny eo- 512.)

*yu-

You. Second person (plural) pronoun. ye2, you, from Old English g and ow, you, from Germanic *jz (nominative) and *iwwiz (oblique).

(Pokorny 1. u-513.)

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