Индоевропейские корни на *o (Уоткинс)


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Словарь Уоткинса: A, B, Bh, D, , E, G, , Gh, Gʷh, I(Y), K, , L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U(W).

Источник: Calvert Watkins, The American Heritage® Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2000.

Всего на *o- представлено 13 корней из словаря Кальверта Уоткинса (Калверта Воткинса).

*od-
To hate. annoy, ennui, noisome, odium, from Latin d, I hate, and odium, hatred.
(Pokorny 2. od- 773.)
*oi-no-
One, unique.
Derivatives include once, atone, union, universe, and any.
(I) Basic form *oi-no-.
1a. a1, an1, once, one; alone, anon, atone, lone, lonely, none, from Old English n, one; b. eleven, from Old English endleofan, eleven, from Germanic compound *ain-lif-, “one left (beyond ten),” eleven (*lif-, left over; see leikw-); c. einkorn, turnverein, from Old High German ein, one. a–c all from Germanic *ainaz.
2. uni-, union, unite, unity; coadunate, triune, unanimous, unicorn, universe, from Latin nus, one.
3. indricothere, from Old Russian in, one. [???]
4. Latin nn, not (< *ne-oinom, “not one thing”; see ne).
(II) Suffixed form *oino-ko-. a. any, from Old English nig, one, anyone, from Germanic *ainigaz; b. unique, from Latin nicus, sole, single; c. inch1, ounce1, uncial; quincunx, from Latin ncia, one twelfth of a unit.
(III) Suffixed form *oino-lo- in Latin llus (see ne).
(Pokorny 3. D. e- 281.)
*okt(u)
Eight.
Oldest form *ot(u), becoming *okt(u) in centum languages.
1a. eight, eighteen, eighty, from Old English eahta, eight, with derivatives eahtatig, eighty, and eahtatne, eighteen (-tne, ten; see dek); b. atto-, from Old Norse ttjn, eighteen (tjn, ten; see dek). Both a and b from Germanic *aht.
2. Octans, octant, octave, octavo, octet, octo-, October, octonary; octodecimo, octogenarian, from Latin oct, eight.
3. octad, octo-; octopus, from Greek okt, eight.
4. at2, from Sanskrit a, eight.
(Pokorny ot(u) 775.)
*ku-
Swift.
Oldest form *u-, becoming *ku- in centum languages.
1. oxytocic, from Greek kus, swift.
2. Possibly altered zero-grade form *aku- in compound *aku-petro-, “swift-flying” (*pet-ro-, flying; see pet-). accipiter, from Latin accipiter, hawk.
(Pokorny ú-s 775.) See also ekwo-.
*okw-
To see.
Oldest form *3ekw-, colored to *3okw-, zero-grade *3kw-.
Derivatives include eye, daisy, window, inoculate, and autopsy.
1a. eye; daisy, from Old English age, eye; b. walleyed, window, from Old Norse auga, eye; c. ogle, from Low German oog, oge, eye. a–c all from Germanic *augn- (with taboo deformation).
2. Suffixed form *okw-olo-. a. eyelet, ocellus, ocular, oculist, oculus, ullage; antler, inoculate, monocle, oculomotor, pinochle, from Latin oculus, eye; b. inveigle, from French aveugle, blind, from Gallo-Latin compound *ab-oculus, blind, calqued on Gaulish exs-ops, blind.
3. Form *okw-s. ceratopsian, metopic, myopia, nyctalopia, Pelops, phlogopite, prosopography, prosopopoeia, pyrope, triceratops, from Greek ps, eye (and stem *op-, to see).
4. Suffixed form *okw-ti-. opsin, –opsis, –opsy; autopsy, dropsy, iodopsin, rhodopsin, synopsis, from Greek opsis, sight, appearance.
5. Suffixed form *okw-to-. optic; diopter, optoelectronics, optometry, panoptic, from Greek optos, seen, visible.
6. Suffixed form *okw--. metope, from Greek op, opening.
7. Suffixed form *okw-m. ommatidium, ommatophore, from Greek omma (< *opma), eye.
8. Suffixed form *okw-tro-. catoptric, from Greek katoptron, “back-looker,” mirror (kata-, down, back; see kat-).
9. ophthalmo-; exophthalmos, from Greek ophthalmos, eye (with taboo deformation).
10. Zero-grade form *kw-, in compounds (see ant-, ter-, ghwer-).
(Pokorny ok- 775.)
*op-
To work, produce in abundance.
Oldest form *3ep-, colored to *3op-.
Derivatives include opera1, maneuver, manure, opulent, and cornucopia.
1. Suffixed form *op-es-. opera1, operate, operose, opus; cooperate, inure, maneuver, manure, officinal, stover, from Latin opus (stem oper-), work, with its denominative verb operr, to work, and secondary noun opera, work.
2. Italic compound *opi-fici-om (see dh-).
3. Suffixed form *op-en-ent-. opulent, from Latin dissimilated opulentus, rich, wealthy.
4. Suffixed form *op-ni-. omni-, omnibus; omnium-gatherum, from Latin omnis, all (< “abundant”).
5. Suffixed (superlative) form *op-tamo-. optimum, from Latin optimus, best (< “wealthiest”).
6. copious, copy; cornucopia, from Latin cpia, profusion, plenty, from prefixed form *co-op- (co-, collective and intensive prefix; see kom).
(Pokorny 1. op- 780.)
*or-
Large bird.
Oldest form *3er-, colored to *3or-.
1. Suffixed form *or-n-. erne, from Old English earn, eagle, from Germanic *arnuz, eagle.
2. Suffixed form *or-n-th-. ornitho-; aepyornis, ichthyornis, notornis, from Greek orns (stem ornth-), bird.
(Pokorny 1. er- 325.)
*orbh-
To change allegiance or status.
Oldest form *3erbh-, colored *3orbh-.
Suffixed form *orbh-o-, “bereft of father,” also “deprived of free status.” a. orphan, from Greek orphanos, orphaned; b. robot, from Czech robota, compulsory labor, drudgery, from Old Church Slavonic rabota, servitude, from rab, slave, from Old Slavic *orb; c. Gastarbeiter, from Old High German arabeit(i), labor, from Germanic *arb-aithi- (source of suffix uncertain).
(Pokorny orbho- 781.)
*ors-
Buttocks, backside.
1. Suffixed form *ors-o-. a. ass2, from Old English ærs, ears, backside; b. dodo, from Middle Dutch ærs, backside, tail. Both a and b from Germanic *arsaz.
2. Suffixed form *ors--. a. uro-2, –urous; anthurium, anuran, cynosure, dasyure, eremurus, ophiuroid, oxyuriasis, sciurid, squirrel, trichuriasis, from Greek our, tail; b. silurid, from Greek silouros, sheatfish, probably from our, tail (with an obscure first element).
(Pokorny ers- 340.)
*s-
Mouth.
Oldest form *3s-, but precise preform uncertain.
1. oral, os1, oscillate, osculate, osculum, ostiary, ostium, usher; inosculate, orifice, orinasal, orotund, oscitancy, peroral, from Latin s (stem r-), mouth, face, orifice, and derivative stium (< suffixed form *s-to-), door.
2. Auriga, from Latin aurga, charioteer (< *r-g-, “he who manages the (horse's) bit”; -g-, lengthened from ig-, driving, from *ag-; see ag-), possibly from s-.
(Pokorny 1. us- 784.)
*ost-
Bone.
Oldest form *2ost-, with e-grade *2est- colored to *2ast-.
1. os2, osseous, ossicle, ossuary; ossifrage, ossify, from Latin os (stem oss-), bone.
2. osteo-; endosteum, exostosis, periosteum, synostosis, teleost, from Greek osteon, bone.
3. Suffixed form *ost-r-. a. ostracize, ostracod, ostracon; ostracoderm, periostracum, from Greek ostrakon, shell, potsherd; b. e-grade form *est-, becoming *ast-. oyster, from Greek ostreon, oyster; c. astragal, astragalus, from Greek astragalos, vertebra, ball of the ankle joint, knucklebone, Ionic molding.
(Pokorny ost(h)- 783.)
*ous-
Also aus-. Ear.
Oldest form *2ous-, with e-grade *2eus- colored to *2aus-.
1. Suffixed form *ous-en-. ear1, from Old English are, ear, from Germanic *auzn-.
2. Suffixed form *aus-i-. aural1, auricle; auriform, ormer, from Latin auris, ear.
3. auscultation, scout1, from Latin auscultre, to listen to (< *aus-klit--; *aus- + *kli-to-, inclined; see klei-).
4. Suffixed basic form *ous-os-. otic, oto-; myosotis, parotid gland, from Greek ous (stem t-), ear.
5. Basic form *ous- in Greek compound *lag-ous- (see slg-).
(Pokorny 2. us- 785.)
*owi-
Sheep.
Oldest form *2owi-.
1. ewe, from Old English we, ewu, ewe, from Germanic *awi-.
2. ovine, from Latin ovis, sheep.
(Pokorny ói-s 784.)

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